hypertension

The pathology of the cardiovascular system characterized by high blood pressure is called hypertension. The disease is treated by cardiologists, therapists, neurologists and nephrologists.Hypertension, or essential hypertension, is a persistent increase in blood pressure. Temporary increases in blood pressure are observed during exercise, stress and other conditions to which the cardiovascular system adapts. People with hypertension have persistently elevated blood pressure. Doctors consider headache, shortness of breath, chest pain and palpable pulsations in the temples as characteristic symptoms of the pathology. If left untreated, chronic high blood pressure can be complicated by diseases of the heart, kidneys, brain, and other organs.Treaters for this disease: Cardiologists and therapistsBlood pressure is caused by the movement of blood through blood vessels. When the heart contracts, pressure increases (systolic blood pressure indicator), and when the organ relaxes, blood pressure decreases (diastolic blood pressure indicator). Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. This may be an independent pathology or the result of disease of the kidneys, adrenal glands, and other organs. High blood pressure is most common in men and women over the age of 65.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

The manifestations of hypertension depend on the degree of elevated blood pressure and the pathological cause. Changes in blood pressure can negatively affect any organ, but patients mainly develop neurological and renal disorders. People with high blood pressure will occasionally experience an increase in blood pressure, and the rest of the time the symptoms will go away.Symptoms and signs:

• dizziness and headache;
• Pulsating sensation in different parts of the body, such as the back of the head and temples;
• Feeling "woozy" and experiencing decreased vision;
• ringing in the ears and audible heartbeat;
• Insomnia, fatigue;
• loss of appetite and nausea;
• Pressure and pain in the chest;
• Shortness of breath at rest and during light physical activity;
• increased sweating;
• facial redness;
• Swelling of hands and face.

Other symptoms depend on the cause and complications of high blood pressure. These may be symptoms of brain dysfunction, visual impairment, or other organ pathology.

causes of high blood pressure

Cardiologists distinguish between primary (idiopathic) hypertension, which is detectable in most cases, and secondary hypertension, which occurs as a complication of other conditions. Doctors consider obesity, chronic stress, bad genetics, atherosclerosis, bad habits and poor diet as risk factors for the disease. Increased blood pressure may occur due to vasoconstriction, cardiovascular system disorders, hormonal changes, and other factors.Other reasons:

• Kidney and adrenal gland disease. The function of these organs plays an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Secondary hypertension can occur in the context of chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, adrenal tumors, and other pathologies;
• Thyroid disease. This organ secretes hormones needed to regulate body functions;
• metabolic and hematologic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis;
• Chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases;
• Genetic factors lead to cardiovascular system dysfunction;
• Pathologies of the female reproductive system are complicated by hormonal imbalances.

Determining the cause of secondary hypertension is important for treatment.

Get consultation

If you experience these symptoms, we recommend making an appointment with your doctor. Prompt consultation will prevent negative effects on your health.

Why choose a professional clinic?

1. Treatment is according to clinical guidelines
2. Comprehensive assessment of disease nature and treatment prognosis
3. Modern diagnostic equipment and our own laboratory
4. High level of service and balanced pricing policy

Hypertension diagnosis in modern clinics

If you develop symptoms of high blood pressure, you should make an appointment with a cardiologist. Clinic doctors ask patients about their chief complaints and study medical history data in detail to identify risk factors for the disease. An initial examination is then performed, including a general examination, auscultation (listening) of the heart, and measuring blood pressure with a tonometer. The cardiologist confirms the presence of pathology through history, external signs, and repeated testing of systolic blood pressure above 150 mm. RT. Art. Diastolic blood pressure is higher than 95 mm. RT. Art. After this, doctors conduct additional studies to determine the cause and form of the disease. Diagnostic methods used:

• Dynamic blood pressure measurement can rule out situational (natural) hypertension. Doctors measure blood pressure in a quiet environment. You must avoid physical activity, smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking certain medications before taking this test. The cardiologist placed a tonometer cuff 2. 5 cm above the elbow and measured pressure in both arms. For convenience, the patient can be positioned lying down or standing. The study is conducted every 2-5 minutes to obtain multiple indicators and determine average blood pressure levels;
• General and biochemical blood tests. Cardiologists refer patients to the study to test for factors in high blood pressure. In the treatment room, the nurse treats the patient's antecubital fossa with antiseptic, squeezes the patient's shoulder area with a tourniquet, and draws blood with a syringe. In the laboratory, experts measure blood samples for levels of lipids, creatinine, hormones, glucose and potassium. The ratio and number of blood cells were also determined;
• Urinalysis. The doctor explains to the patient how and when it is necessary to fill the sterile container with urine. Laboratory urine testing allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of kidney filtration and identify inflammatory diseases of the excretory system;
• An electrocardiogram is the study of the electrical activity of the heart and can allow people to discover the causes and signs of disease. During the procedure, doctors ask the patient to lie on his back and attach sensors (electrodes) to different parts of the body. The electrocardiogram is then collected and deciphered;
• Cardiac ultrasound is the safest way to examine the heart and can detect pathological changes in the organ, such as left ventricular wall thickening. Doctors have the patient lie on their back and press the sensor against the skin to obtain images of the heart on a monitor.

Professional modern clinics have laboratories that allow doctors to conduct modern research and obtain reliable diagnostic results quickly. If necessary, the cardiologist will ask the patient to have studies of the brain, kidneys, and other organs affected by high blood pressure.

Treatment of high blood pressure

When prescribing treatment, the clinic's cardiologists focus on the diagnosis and the patient's condition. An individualized treatment plan is developed aimed at normalizing the activity of the cardiovascular system, eliminating symptoms of hypertension and preventing dangerous complications. In addition to medication, cardiologists must prescribe the diet needed to improve blood vessel and kidney function. Complying with the prescriptions prescribed by professional experts can help significantly improve the quality of life.Treatment methods for high blood pressure:

• Prescription of thiazide diuretics. These are diuretics, which stimulate the kidneys to remove more fluid from the body. Doctors prescribe these medications to reduce swelling and normalize blood pressure;
• Prescription of ACE inhibitors. These drugs are used to inhibit vasoconstrictors and lower blood pressure. Additionally, these medications are used to treat the underlying cause of high blood pressure related to kidney disease;
• Use an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Cardiologists prescribe these drugs to inhibit the activity of vasoconstrictor factors;
• Use calcium channel blockers. These drugs lower blood pressure by relaxing the muscles in the walls of blood vessels and slowing the heart rate;
• Use alpha and beta blockers. If necessary, cardiologists prescribe these drugs to lower the heart rate, ease the load on the heart, and dilate blood vessels;
• Use an aldosterone antagonist. The main effect of these drugs is to improve kidney function, manifested by increased fluid and salt secretion. Due to this effect, blood pressure can be lowered;
• Administer additional medical therapy, including renin inhibitors, lipid-lowering agents, sedatives, and vasodilators.

When developing an individualized treatment plan, the clinic's cardiologists take into account modern standards in the treatment of hypertension. To monitor treatment, doctors regularly perform laboratory and instrumental tests. If necessary, endocrinologists, nutritionists, and other doctors may prescribe other treatments for high blood pressure.

Prevent high blood pressure

Dangerous cardiovascular disease can be prevented through lifestyle changes and other preventive measures.Prevention methods:

• Improve your diet, including avoiding greasy, salty and fried foods;
• quit drinking and smoking;
• Lose weight and engage in regular physical activity;
• Prompt treatment of diseases of the kidneys and endocrine organs.

A consultation with a cardiologist will help you choose a personal prevention plan and order tests to detect risk factors for high blood pressure.